In this post I will tell you many unbelievable facts about atoms, that will blow your mind. but before this, you should know what is an atom. With the help of these Fun atom facts you will know, How small an Atom is.
What is an Atom
An Atom is the smallest component of an element. Everything that we see around us, whether it is in the form of solid, liquid, gas or plasma is made up of atoms. Initially it was thought that atoms can not be further divided into smaller particles but later it was found that it is made up of three Types of subatomic particles- electrons, protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom and electrons fly around the nucleus in the form of a small cloud. Now it's time to know some fascinating facts about atoms. So let's start
Atoms Fact 1
As you know that our body is made up of atoms. But do you know how many atoms are there in our body? There are about 7 billion billion billion atoms in the human body.
This number is a billion billion times the total human population on earth. But even more surprising fact is that 98% of these atoms in our body are replaced every year, without us even realizing.
Atoms Fact 2
The structure of an atom is quite similar to the solar system. As planets revolve around the sun, in the same way at the atomic level, electrons revolve around the nucleus. You will find it hard to believe that 99.999% part of an atom is empty space. It is so, because the nucleus and electrons are extremely small in comparison to the total size of an atom. So if we remove all the empty space of atoms, we could fit the entire human population into an Apple.
Atoms Fact 3
The nucleus of an atom is extremely dense. Nearly all the mass of an atom is contained by the nucleus. Contribution of electrons to the mass of an atom is very little. The mass of a proton and neutron that are present in the nucleus of the atom is nearly equal but a proton has a mass 1836 times the mass of an electron.
Atoms Fact 4
Even electrons, protons and neutrons are not the fundamental particles. An electron is a lepton while protons and neutrons consist of three quarks each.
Atoms Fact 5
An atom is extremely small. The size of an average atom is about one tenth of a billionth of a meter. The largest atom cesium is nearly nine times bigger than the smallest atom helium.
Atoms Fact 6
Hydrogen atom is the most abundant type of atom present in the universe. Nearly 74% of the total atoms present in the Milky Way galaxy are hydrogen atoms.
Atoms Fact 7
Protons and neutrons present in the nucleus are held together by strong and weak nuclear forces. The force that binds the electrons around the nucleus is the electrical attraction, as protons are positively charged particles while electrons are negatively charged. But here, you may ask, as all the protons have same positive charge, how protons are held together, why don't they repel each other?
So the answer is, the attracting nuclear force is much stronger in comparison to the electrical repulsion. You will Find it interesting that the strong force that binds protons and neutrons together is 1038 times more powerful than the force of Gravity. But the particles need to be very close to each other to feel the effect of the nuclear force.
Atoms Fact 8
An atom is electrically neutral as the number of negatively charged electrons is equal to the number of positively charged protons and neurons have no charge.
Atoms Fact 9
Now the fact that I am going to tell you will blow your mind. Do you know that scientists have calculated the total number of atoms present in the observable universe!!! yes... The total number of atoms in the observable universe is in the range of 10^78 to 10^82. I know you can not even imagine, how big this number is. Just try to write this number by placing 82 zeros after 1, you will know, what I mean.
Atoms Fact 10
With the help of this fact you will understand how small an atom is. The total number of atoms in a droplet of water is 5×10^21. It is more than 5 sextillion atoms per droplet. So friends these were some amazing facts about an atom.
A Tachyon is a hypothetical particle, that always travels faster than light. It is also known as Tachyonic Particle. The possibility of particles moving faster than light was first proposed by Robert Ehrilch and Arnold Sommerfeld, independently of each other. This term comes from greek word 'tachy', that means 'rapid'. Two complementary particle types that are known to exist are called - Luxons and Bradyons. Luxons are the particles that always move at the speed of light and Bradyons are the particles which always move slower than light. Here we are talking about tachyons, also called as tachyonic particles, that always move faster than light.
What is Tachyon Video
Now let me tell you one very interesting thing about tachyons... The mass of tachyons is imaginary!!! If you didn't get it let me explain it to you. The mass of any object at rest is different from its mass when it moves. But we do not observe this difference in mass at speeds much lesser than the speed of light. But when the speed of the object is comparable to the speed of light then we cannot neglect this change in mass at this high speed. As we are talking about tachyons, that always have speed higher than the speed of light, we have to consider this change, in mass. So for such fast moving particles, the rest mass is different from the relativistic mass. Here is the formula, that explains the relationship between the rest mass and the relativistic mass. mr = m0/sqrt(1-v2/c2) Here Mr is the relativistic mass m0 is the rest mass which is invariant mass v is velocity of the object and c Is the speed of light. Now let's Focus on the formula, As we know that the speed of tachyonic particles is always greater than the speed of light. i.e. here in this case v greater than c, so v/c greater than 1 also then v2/c2 would be greater than 1 Now on subtracting a number, which is larger than 1, from 1, we will get a negative number. And we know that the square root of a negative number is not real. it is an imaginary number.
From the formula, if we assume that the rest mass of tachyons is imaginary, then we will have imaginary numbers in the numerator and also in the denominator of this formula. so this imaginary part will cancel out and we will have a real relativistic mass. So from this discussion, we can say, that the mass of tachyons will exist only when they will travel faster than light. Unlike ordinary particles, the energy of a tachyon decreases as its speed increases. Note that, this is just opposite to the ordinary particles where increase in speed results in increased energy. As the ordinary particles, cannot travel faster than light, in the same way, tachyons are forbidden from slowing down to below the speed of light. Because infinite energy is required to reach the barrier from either above or below. You will be surprised to know, that tachyons can be used to time travel!!! A tachyonic antitelephone is a hypothetical device in theoretical physics, that could be used to send signals into one's own past. Go to HOME PAGE Universe Origin Theories, Beginning, Evolution and Future of the Universe (BIG BANG Theory, Steady State Theory and Pulsating Theory)
Here you will understand the principle of Conservation of Angular Momentum. For explaining the conservation of angular momentum I have taken help of two experiments. According to the Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum under ideal conditions, the angular momentum of a rotating object remains constant. Principle of Conservation of Angular Momentum is given as the product of moment of inertia (I) and the angular speed (w). Angular momentum conservation formula - Moment of Inertia (I) x Angular Speed (w) = Constant Here is the first experiment to demonstrate the principle of conservation of angular momentum. First climb on this Central circular platform and hold the handle. Now push the leg against the fixed outer platform to give yourself a spin.
Conservation of Angular Momentum Video
Now observe carefully that, when you lean towards the handle the spin speed increases and on leaning outwards the spin speed decreases. Now repeat the same experiment several times and observe how the speed of rotation changes. Now before explaining the science behind it let me show you one more experiments based on principle of conservation of angular momentum. First sit on the chair and push the weights away at your full arm lengths and hold them. Now take help of your friend and ask him or her to give you a turn gently.
Now observe that your speed of rotation increases as you bring both the weights close to you while rotating. And when you push away the weights the rotation speed decreases. So these are the two experiments that explain the principle of conservation of angular momentum. Now we will understand the Science that explains it. According to the principle of conservation of angular momentum, the angular momentum of a rotating object remains constant under ideal conditions. Angular momentum is given as the product of moment of inertia (I) and the angular speed (w). Its given by the formula- Iw = Constant Moment of inertia is the product of the mass and square of its perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation. So when the distance of the body decreases from the axis of rotation, its moment of inertia decreases but according to the principle of conservation of angular momentum, the product of moment of inertia and the angular speed must be constant. So to compensate for this decrease in moment of inertia, the angular speed of the body increases.
Just opposite of this happens when we move away from the axis of rotation. In this case the moment of inertia increases as the distance of the body increases from the axis of rotation. So to keep the product of moment of inertia and angular speed constant, according to the conservation of angular momentum, the speed of rotation decreases. This same thing happens in the second experiment as the weights i.e. mass is pushed away from the axis of rotation, its moment of inertia increases so the angular speed is decreased and you spin slower. And opposite of it happens when the weights are pulled towards your body I.e. closer to the axis of rotation. So friends, I hope now you understand the concept of principle of angular momentum conservation. Go to HOME PAGE Universe Origin Theories, Beginning, Evolution and Future of the Universe (BIG BANG Theory, Steady State Theory and Pulsating Theory)