Showing posts with label Electronics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Electronics. Show all posts

7 Jul 2022

What is Electronics and Branches of Electronics - Electronics Engineering

This article explains, What is Electronics and What are different Branches of Electronics. It Provides the Basic Introduction to electronics along with the definition of electronics. Here you will be introduced to Branches of electronics like Analog electronics, Digital electronics, Power electronics, Microelectronics, Circuit design electronics, Integrated circuits electronics, Optoelectronics, Embedded systems electronics and semiconductor devices electronics.

Electronics and Branches of Electronics Video

So first lets start with Electronics definition-

Definition of Electronics

Electronics is a science that deals with electrical devices and circuits that operate by controlling the flow of electrons or other electrically charged particles. This branch of science deals with how electrons behave in gases, vacuum or semiconductors. Following are the different branches of Electronics with some details about each branch

Branches of Electronics

1.Analog electronics Analogue electronics deals with analogue signals. Analogue signals are continuously variable signals. This is in contrast to the digital signals that generally take only two levels. 2.Digital electronics The digital electronics deals with digital signals. Digital Signals are the signals that take usually 2 levels. 3.Power electronics Power Electronics acts as an interface between the electrical source and electrical load. It is the application of solid state electronics to the control and conversion of electric power. 4.Microelectronics As clear by the name itself, microelectronics is the branch of Electronics that is related to the electronic designs at very small level. 5.Circuit design electronics The circuit design includes, designing basic electronic components to complex electronic systems. 6.Integrated circuits electronics Integrated circuits are commonly known as IC in short. An integrated circuit is a small chip that may contain millions of electronic components like resistors, capacitors or transistors. 7.Optoelectronics As the name suggests, the optoelectronics is the branch of Electronics that combines optics (light) with electronics. It includes the use of light sources, light detectors and mechanism to carry and control light. 8.Embedded systems electronics Embedded systems are the systems that are designed to perform a fixed function with no or minimum human interference. Embedded systems are controlled by a real time operating system and are the combination of computer hardware and software. 9.Semiconductor devices electronics Semiconductor devices make use of semiconductor materials like silicon, Germanium, gallium arsenide. The conductivity of semiconductors lie between that of conductors and insulators.

7 Mar 2020

Best Online FREE Circuit Simulator | Falstad Circuit Simulator | Best FREE Circuit Simulator | Circuit Simulation Software

In this video you will find the best online and FREE circuit simulation software. The name of this circuit simulator is falstad circuit simulator. In this online circuit simulator you can easily draw electronic and electrical circuits and can simulate them easily. 
Good thing about this falstad circuit simulator is, it contains a big collection of circuits ready for simulation in its library. 
In the falstad circuit simulator you will find circuits ranging from basic to advanced level. You can either draw your own circuits from scratch and can simulate them or you can take any circuit from its library and can simulate it. You can also edit the circuits available in the library.
I am sure you will enjoy this online free circuit simulation software.


Best Online FREE Circuit Simulator Video





Go to HOME PAGE

Google Tricks | Google Easter Eggs | Google Gravity, Google Thanos, Google Underwater etc.

How to Search Google Smartly Using Google Advanced Search Options & Google Search Filters (Tricks)

Barcode Generator and Scanner - Barcode Generator - Barcode Scanner - QR Code Generator and Scanner

Best Barcode Scanner App for Android | QR Code Reader for Android | QR and Barcode Scanner for Android | Barcode Reader

How to Share Location on Whatsapp | How to Share Live Location & Current Location on WhatsApp

Best Online FREE Circuit Simulator | Falstad Circuit Simulator | Best FREE Circuit Simulator | Circuit Simulation Software

Free Google Games to Play Now- elgoog Games- (Atari Breakout, Google Snake Game, T Rex Dash, Pacman)

How to Protect Email Account from Hackers | 10 Quick Ways to Secure Your Gmail Account | Gmail Security Settings

Connect Mobile to TV | Miracast | Miracast Android | Screen Mirroring App | Screen Mirroring Samsung

How to Crop a Photo in Microsoft Office Picture Manager and How to change Aspect Ratio of Image

How to Compress Video Without Losing Quality Using Format Factory Software

How to Stop Windows 10 Update | Disable Windows 10 Updates | Stop Windows 10 Automatic Update

Windows 10 in Android | Windows 10 on Mobile | Windows 10 Launcher | Computer Launcher for Win 10

YouTube Advanced Search | Filter YouTube Search (Upload Date, Type, Duration, Features & Sort By)

How to Delete YouTube History | Clear YouTube History | Clear YouTube Watch History and Search History

Mobile Sensors and their Functions | Sensor Box for Android | Mobile Sensor App | Mobile Sensors

Hiper Scientific Calculator App | Best Scientific Calculator App for Android

How To Protect Email Account/Two Step Verification Gmail/ Encrypted and Private Email

Android Battery Health- Battery Saving Tips-Mobile Battery Saver (Android and Iphone Battery Issues)

ALL IN ONE CALCULATOR (FREE) - Converter & Calculator For Engineering, Finance, Health etc. 

Keyboard Shortcuts - Shortcut Keys of Computer - Shortcut Keys For Windows - Key Combination, MS Excel, MS Word Shortcut Keys

Microsoft Word Tutorial - Microsoft Word - Microsoft Office (MS Office, MS Word Tutorial) [HD]

Robotics Projects - Robotics Projects Ideas (Robotics Engineering)

Beautiful Maths Graphs (Grapher Free | Curve Tracing)

3 Mar 2019

Branches of Electronics

Definition of Electronics 


Electronics is a science that deals with electrical devices and circuits, that operate by controlling the flow of electrons or other electrically charged particles. This branch of science deals with how electrons behave in gases, vacuum or semiconductors.
Following are the different branches of Electronics with some details about each branch -


Branches of Electronics

1.Analog electronics

Analogue electronics deals with analogue signals. Analogue signals are continuously variable signals. This is in contrast to the digital signals that generally take only two levels. 


2.Digital electronics

The digital electronics deals with digital signals. Digital Signals are the signals that take usually 2 levels.


3.Power electronics

Power Electronics acts as an interface between the electrical source and electrical load. It is the application of solid state electronics to the control and conversion of electric power.


4.Microelectronics 

As clear by the name itself, microelectronics is the branch of Electronics that is related to the electronic designs at very small level.


5.Circuit design

The circuit design includes, designing basic electronic components to complex electronic systems.


6.Integrated circuits

Integrated circuits are commonly known as IC in short. An integrated circuit is a small chip that may contain millions of electronic components like resistors, capacitors or transistors. 


7.Optoelectronics

As the name suggests, the optoelectronics is the branch of Electronics that combines optics (light) with electronics. It includes the use of light sources, light detectors and mechanism to carry and control light.


8.Embedded systems 

Embedded systems are the systems that are designed to perform a fixed function with no or minimum human interference. Embedded systems are controlled by a real time operating system and are the combination of computer hardware and software.


9.Semiconductor devices

Semiconductor devices make use of semiconductor materials like silicon, Germanium, gallium arsenide. The conductivity of semiconductors lie between that of conductors and insulators.

Read More-

Go To HOME Page
   
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF AMPLITUDE MODULATION (WAVEFORMS AND EQUATIONS DERIVATION)

AMPLITUDE MODULATION (TIME DOMAIN EQUATIONS AND WAVEFORMS)

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION

STEP INDEX OPTICAL FIBER (MULTIMODE AND SINGLE MODE STEP INDEX FIBERS)

PULSE MODULATION TECHNIQUES (PAM, PWM, PPM, PCM)

OPTICAL FIBER: STRUCTURE AND WORKING PRINCIPLE

PULSE AMPLITUDE MODULATION (PAM)

COMPARISON OF PAM, PWM, PPM MODULATION TECHNIQUES

PULSE WIDTH MODULATION (PWM)

CONTINUOUS TIME AND DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS (C.T. AND D.T. SIGNALS)

NEED AND BENEFITS OF MODULATION

PULSE POSITION MODULATION (PPM)

OPTICAL FIBERS IN COMMUNICATION: COVERS ALL IMPORTANT POINTS

OPTICAL FIBER SOURCES (DESIRABLE PROPERTIES)

AMPLITUDE MODULATION Vs FREQUENCY MODULATION (ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES)

PULSE CODE MODULATION (PCM) [ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES]

SAMPLING THEOREM AND RECONSTRUCTION (SAMPLING AND QUANTIZATION)

SUPERPOSITION THEOREM (BASICS, SOLVED PROBLEMS, APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS)

Digital Modulation Techniques (ASK, FSK, PSK, BPSK)/ Amplitude, Frequency and Phase Shift Keying

Conventional AM Vs DSB-SC Vs SSB-SC Vs VSB (Comparison of AM Systems)

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)/ QAM Transmitter and QAM Receiver Block Diagram

Single-Mode Optical Fiber Advantages

What are Microwaves and their Applications (Uses) in various fields

Microwaves Properties and Advantages (Benefits)

Basic Structure of Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) - BJT Transistor - Working and Properties

Polar Plots of Transfer Functions in Control Systems (How to Draw Nyquist Plot Examples)

Generation of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK Generation) - Block Diagram of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)

Low Level and High Level Modulation Block Diagram (AM Transmitter Block Diagram)

Block Diagram of CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope), Components of CRO and CRT with Structure and Working

Slope Overload Distortion and Granular (Idle Noise), Quantization Noise in Delta Modulation

Frequency Translation/Frequency Mixing/Frequency Conversion/Heterodyning (Basic Concepts and Need)

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Modulation (QPSK) Basics, Waveform and Benefits

Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) Vs Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM)




What is Electronics - Definition of Electronics

Let's understand what is electronics and the definition of electronics - 


Definition of Electronics 

Electronics is a science that deals with electrical devices and circuits, that operate by controlling the flow of electrons or other electrically charged particles. This branch of science deals with how electrons behave in gases, vacuum or semiconductors.


Active and Passive Components

Different types of passive electrical components and active electrical components are used in electronics.
A passive component is a component that does not produce any energy but consumes energy or is not capable of power gain. Most commonly used passive components in electronics are resistors, capacitors and inductors. If an electronic circuit is completely made up of passive electrical components then it is known as a passive circuit.
While active electrical components are the components that are not passive. Common examples of active electrical components are diodes, transistors, silicon controlled rectifiers (SCR) etc.

Read More-

Go To HOME Page
   
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF AMPLITUDE MODULATION (WAVEFORMS AND EQUATIONS DERIVATION)

AMPLITUDE MODULATION (TIME DOMAIN EQUATIONS AND WAVEFORMS)

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION

STEP INDEX OPTICAL FIBER (MULTIMODE AND SINGLE MODE STEP INDEX FIBERS)

PULSE MODULATION TECHNIQUES (PAM, PWM, PPM, PCM)

OPTICAL FIBER: STRUCTURE AND WORKING PRINCIPLE

PULSE AMPLITUDE MODULATION (PAM)

COMPARISON OF PAM, PWM, PPM MODULATION TECHNIQUES

PULSE WIDTH MODULATION (PWM)

CONTINUOUS TIME AND DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS (C.T. AND D.T. SIGNALS)

NEED AND BENEFITS OF MODULATION

PULSE POSITION MODULATION (PPM)

OPTICAL FIBERS IN COMMUNICATION: COVERS ALL IMPORTANT POINTS

OPTICAL FIBER SOURCES (DESIRABLE PROPERTIES)

AMPLITUDE MODULATION Vs FREQUENCY MODULATION (ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES)

PULSE CODE MODULATION (PCM) [ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES]

SAMPLING THEOREM AND RECONSTRUCTION (SAMPLING AND QUANTIZATION)

SUPERPOSITION THEOREM (BASICS, SOLVED PROBLEMS, APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS)

Digital Modulation Techniques (ASK, FSK, PSK, BPSK)/ Amplitude, Frequency and Phase Shift Keying

Conventional AM Vs DSB-SC Vs SSB-SC Vs VSB (Comparison of AM Systems)

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)/ QAM Transmitter and QAM Receiver Block Diagram

Single-Mode Optical Fiber Advantages

What are Microwaves and their Applications (Uses) in various fields

Microwaves Properties and Advantages (Benefits)

Basic Structure of Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) - BJT Transistor - Working and Properties

Polar Plots of Transfer Functions in Control Systems (How to Draw Nyquist Plot Examples)

Generation of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK Generation) - Block Diagram of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)

Low Level and High Level Modulation Block Diagram (AM Transmitter Block Diagram)

Block Diagram of CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope), Components of CRO and CRT with Structure and Working

Slope Overload Distortion and Granular (Idle Noise), Quantization Noise in Delta Modulation

Frequency Translation/Frequency Mixing/Frequency Conversion/Heterodyning (Basic Concepts and Need)

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Modulation (QPSK) Basics, Waveform and Benefits

Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) Vs Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM)




23 Jul 2018

Modes of Operation of BJT (Active Mode, Cutoff Mode, Saturation Mode, Reverse Active Mode of Transistor)/Bipolar Junction Transistor

Here we will learn the basic concepts of Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) and how to operate BJT transistor in different operating modes.

The image shown below shows the schematic symbols for two types of transistors- NPN transistor and PNP transistor


Symbols of NPN and PNP Transistors (BJT)

Symbols of NPN and PNP Transistors, Symbols of BJT Transistors, Representation of NPN and PNP BJT Transistors
Symbols of NPN and PNP BJT Transistors 

In the Image you can easily see that both types of transistors (NPN and PNP Transistors) have 3 terminals- emitter terminal, base terminal and collector terminal.
So why we call these transistor types as NPN or PNP?
Actually the pure form of semiconductor is known as intrinsic semiconductor, but when we add impurities externally in very small amount, then it is called as doping. This doping is done to increase the conductivity of the pure form of semiconductor. The pure form of semiconductor before adding external impurities is called as intrinsic semiconductor but after adding impurities it is known as extrinsic semiconductor.
The extrinsic semiconductors can be of two types- N-Type and P-Type semiconductors.  If electrons are present in majority after doping then it is known as n type of semiconductor but if holes are present in majority then it is called as p type of semiconductor.
So now you can understand that, the NPN transistor contains two N type regions and one P-type region while the PNP transistor contains two P-type regions and one N-type region.

Now see the schematic symbol carefully. Observe the direction of arrow in both types of transistors. In both of these types, the direction of arrow is in P to N direction. The direction of arrow shows the emitter current direction.

The image given below is another representation of BJT transistor
Symbols of NPN and PNP BJT Transistors, NPN and PNP BJT Transistors
Symbolic Representation of NPN and PNP BJT Transistors 

In this image also you can observe the three terminals - emitter, base and collector along with the N and P regions.
In NPN transistor electrons are in majority while holes are in minority but in case of PNP transistor holes are in majority and electrons are in minority.

For transistor to work properly we want that maximum number of electrons or holes (charge carriers) emitted by the emitter region reach to the collector region. 
So because of this the emitter region is doped highest so that it can emit a large number of charge carriers while the base region is doped lightest and its size is made smallest to reduce the recombination of charge carriers (electrons and holes) in the base region.

We can operate the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in 4 different operating modes.These four modes of operation are-


Operation Modes of Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)

*Active mode
*Saturation mode
*Cutoff mode 
*Reverse active mode


Active Mode Operation of BJT Transistor (Bipolar Junction Transistor)

BJT (NPN Transistor) in active mode is shown in the image given below-


 Active Mode Operation of BJT Transistor (Bipolar Junction Transistor),  Active Mode Operation of BJT,  Active Mode Operation of Transistor,  Active Mode Operation of Bipolar Junction Transistor, Active Mode Operation of BJT   Transistor (NPN BJT)
Active Mode Operation of
BJT Transistor(NPN BJT)

In active mode, the emitter-base Junction is forward biased and the collector-base Junction is reverse biased. This mode of operation is also known as active region (forward active region). In active mode the bipolar junction transistor works as an amplifier.
You can see in the image that the emitter base Junction is forward biased. Here we have taken the example of NPN transistor to show the active mode. Observe the emitter and base region - the P-type (base region) is at Higher potential than the N-type (emitter region). Therefore this junction is forward biased. 
But the collector-base junction is reverse biased as N-type region (collector) is at higher potential in comparison to P-type region (base). Now observe this image very carefully. As we know that electrons are majority charge carriers in case of N type semiconductor while holes are in majority in P type semiconductor. As we know that the direction of electric field is from higher potential to lower potential, therefore in this case according to the image, the direction of electric field is from base to emitter at the emitter-base Junction while its direction is from Collector to base at the collector-base Junction.
Since we want, the large amount of charge Carriers that are emitted by the emitter to reach to the collector region. Therefore, the majority charge Carriers (electrons) that are emitted by this N type of emitter, feel force in the direction that is opposite to the direction of electric field (as electrons have negative charge). Therefore the electrons emitted by the emitter are pushed into the base region. Again these electrons experience force towards the collector region because of the direction of electric field (collector to base). Therefore the maximum Number of electrons that are emitted by the emitter reach to the collector region. So this was the operation of NPN transistor in active mode. 
Now we will discuss the same active mode operation in case of PNP transistor. 
Look at the image given below-


Active Mode Operation of PNP BJT, Active Mode Operation of BJT, Active Mode Operation of transistor
Active Mode Operation of PNP BJT

As discussed earlier, The basic condition for active mode operation of the transistor is - the emitter base junction should be forward biased while the collector base junction reverse biased. So in this case of PNP transistor also you can observe the polarities of these two junctions. Here observe the direction of electric field (from higher potential to lower potential). In case of PNP transistor, the emitter emits holes (emitter is of P type having holes as majority charge carriers) and these holes experience force in the direction of electric field as holes are positively charged carriers. Positive charge carriers experience electric force in the direction of the electric field. So as indicated in the diagram, the holes experience force towards base region and reach to the base region from the emitter region. Again these holes feel force towards the collector region when they are in the base region because of the direction of electric field. Hence majority charge carriers (holes) emitted by the emitter (P type) reach to the collector region. So this is also the active mode of operation.


Now let's discuss the cutoff mode of BJT transistor-


Cutoff Mode Operation of BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor)

In cutoff mode both the junctions of the bipolar junction transistor (emitter-base junction and collector-base Junction) are reverse biased. Because of this, transistor in cut off mode works as an open circuit (OC) switch. It is also called in 'off state' or '0 state'
Look at the image shown here-


 Cutoff Mode Operation of BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor), Cutoff Mode Operation of BJT (Transistor working as Open Switch),  Cutoff Mode Operation of BJT
Cutoff Mode Operation of BJT (Transistor working as Open Switch)

You can see in this image that no collector current flows (collector current is zero) in the cutoff mode. The image also shows another representation of the cut off mode. This image shows the symbol of an open circuit as no current flows through an open circuit. 

Note-The transistor acts as a switch (open switch) in the cutoff mode. The image given below depicts the cutoff mode. You can observe here that both junctions are reverse biased. This image also indicates the direction of electric field.


 Cutoff Mode Operation of BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor),  Cutoff Mode Operation of BJT,  Cutoff Mode Operation of Bipolar Junction Transistor
Cut off Mode Operation of BJT
(Bipolar Junction Transistor)

Now we will discuss the saturation mode.


Saturation Mode Operation of BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor)

The image given below shows the BJT transistor in saturation mode. In saturation mode of the transistor, both the junctions (emitter-base junction and collector-base Junction) are forward biased. You can also observe this biasing in this image. The direction of electric field is also depicted in the diagram.

 Saturation Mode Operation of BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor),  Saturation Mode Operation of BJT,  Saturation Mode Operation of Bipolar Junction Transistor
Saturation Mode Operation of BJT
(Bipolar Junction Transistor)

The another image given below shows- that in saturation mode, the transistor acts as a Switch (Closed Switch) or short circuit. As clear by the image that in saturation mode maximum collector current flows. The transistor in saturation mode is also said to be in '1 state' or 'ON state'


Saturation Mode Operation of BJT (Transistor working as a Closed Switch), Saturation Mode Operation of BJT, Saturation Mode Operation of Transistor working as a Closed Switch
Saturation Mode Operation of BJT
(Transistor working as a Closed Switch)

In saturation mode the transistor can be under one of the two modes-
#Forward saturation region
#Reverse saturation region

If the Emitter junction voltage > collector junction voltage
Then the transistor is called under forward saturation region

But if collector junction voltage > emitter junction voltage
Then the transistor is under reverse saturation region.

Now we will discuss the reverse active mode


Reverse Active Mode Operation of BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor)

The reverse active mode is just opposite to the active mode because in this mode of operation the emitter-base junction is reverse biased while the collector-base junction is forward biased.
As the gain is negligible in this mode of operation, therefore the transistors in never operated in reverse active mode. Because it is just opposite to the transistor action that we desire.
To understand the reverse active mode you can see this image-
Reverse Active Mode Operation of BJT
(Bipolar Junction Transistor)

This image clearly shows that the emitter-base junction is reverse biased and the collector-base junction is forward biased. This biasing of junctions is exactly opposite to the active mode of operation of the transistor. Therefore this mode of operation is called as reverse active mode.
So this was all about different types of operating modes of Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT).

Read More-

Go To HOME Page
   
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF AMPLITUDE MODULATION (WAVEFORMS AND EQUATIONS DERIVATION)

AMPLITUDE MODULATION (TIME DOMAIN EQUATIONS AND WAVEFORMS)

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION

STEP INDEX OPTICAL FIBER (MULTIMODE AND SINGLE MODE STEP INDEX FIBERS)

PULSE MODULATION TECHNIQUES (PAM, PWM, PPM, PCM)

OPTICAL FIBER: STRUCTURE AND WORKING PRINCIPLE

PULSE AMPLITUDE MODULATION (PAM)

COMPARISON OF PAM, PWM, PPM MODULATION TECHNIQUES

PULSE WIDTH MODULATION (PWM)

CONTINUOUS TIME AND DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS (C.T. AND D.T. SIGNALS)

NEED AND BENEFITS OF MODULATION

PULSE POSITION MODULATION (PPM)

OPTICAL FIBERS IN COMMUNICATION: COVERS ALL IMPORTANT POINTS

OPTICAL FIBER SOURCES (DESIRABLE PROPERTIES)

AMPLITUDE MODULATION Vs FREQUENCY MODULATION (ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES)

PULSE CODE MODULATION (PCM) [ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES]

SAMPLING THEOREM AND RECONSTRUCTION (SAMPLING AND QUANTIZATION)

SUPERPOSITION THEOREM (BASICS, SOLVED PROBLEMS, APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS)

Digital Modulation Techniques (ASK, FSK, PSK, BPSK)/ Amplitude, Frequency and Phase Shift Keying

Conventional AM Vs DSB-SC Vs SSB-SC Vs VSB (Comparison of AM Systems)

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)/ QAM Transmitter and QAM Receiver Block Diagram

Single-Mode Optical Fiber Advantages

What are Microwaves and their Applications (Uses) in various fields

Microwaves Properties and Advantages (Benefits)

Basic Structure of Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) - BJT Transistor - Working and Properties

Polar Plots of Transfer Functions in Control Systems (How to Draw Nyquist Plot Examples)

Generation of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK Generation) - Block Diagram of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)

Low Level and High Level Modulation Block Diagram (AM Transmitter Block Diagram)

Block Diagram of CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope), Components of CRO and CRT with Structure and Working

Slope Overload Distortion and Granular (Idle Noise), Quantization Noise in Delta Modulation

Frequency Translation/Frequency Mixing/Frequency Conversion/Heterodyning (Basic Concepts and Need)

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Modulation (QPSK) Basics, Waveform and Benefits

Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) Vs Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM)


17 Jul 2018

Basic Structure of Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) - BJT Transistor - Working and Properties

In this post we will discuss the Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT). The basic structure of BJT and its various properties will be explained here in detail.


Structure of Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)

The diagram shown below is the basic structure of Bipolar Junction Transistor-


Structure of Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT), construction of Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT), structure of bjt transistor
Structure of Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)

The reason behind why it is known as bipolar junction transistor is; it has two types of charge carriers- electrons and holes. These electrons or holes may be present in majority or minority in BJT.


Watch the Complete Video Here

 

While in case of Field Effect Transistors (FETs) and Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs), we have only one type of charge carriers in majority, either electrons or holes. Minority charge carriers are not present in FETs or MOSFETs. Therefore FETs and  MOSFETs are known as unipolar devices.
You can easily see the emitter region, base region and the collector region in the diagram of bipolar junction transistor shown above. These three regions form two junctions.
The junction formed by emitter and base regions is known as emitter-base Junction or emitter junction while the base and collector regions form the collector-base Junction (collector Junction).