12 Jan 2020

Why Apollo 11 by NASA Took Only 4 Days to Reach Moon but ISRO's Chandrayaan 2 is Taking 48 Days !!!

Here you will know why apollo 11 by NASA took only 4 days to reach Moon but ISRO's chandrayaan-2 is taking 48 days!!!
On July 20, 1969, NASA's Apollo 11 mission carrying humans, landed on the surface of moon in just 4 days 6 hours and 45 minutes. Apollo 11 was the world's first manned moon mission. Not only this, it was also the fastest trip of astronauts to the moon.
So why is Chandrayaan 2 taking 48 days to reach to the moon? The answer to this question is hidden in the design of the rocket, speed of the lunar craft and the amount of fuel, it is carrying.
Actually for the Apollo 11, NASA had used Saturn V. Saturn V was a super heavy lift launcher with a lifting capability of 43 tonnes. This powerful rocket was capable of travelling at a speed of more than 39,000 kilometres per hour.


Apollo 11 by NASA Vs ISRO's Chandrayaan 2 Video


 

Saturn V was powerful enough to put the modules into the trans-lunar trajectory soon after orbiting the Earth for the second time.
Because of the powerful engines used in the saturn V launcher, it was able to cover 380 thousand kilometres in just 4 days. But to achieve all this, NASA had to invest large amounts of money into this mission. NASA had to pump in $185 million, which is equivalent to $1.2 billion in 2016 for each apollo mission between 1969 and 1971.
But India does not have a rocket powerful enough, to carry Chandrayaan 2 on a straight path to the moon. The rocket used to carry Chandrayaan 2 is GSLV-MKIII. Its lifting capability is only 4 tonnes, which is much lesser in comparison to the 43 tonne lifting capability of the Saturn V Launcher by NASA. This lifting capability was limited to put chandrayaan 2 having a weight of 3.8 tonnes, in the geosynchronous transfer Orbit.
Because of it's less powerful rocket lifting capability, ISRO chose a Circuitous route. In this way it was able to take advantage of the gravity of the earth, which will help slingshot the craft towards the moon.
At present the propulsion system of the lunarcraft is helping in raising it's orbit. Once the craft reaches its Apogee, which is the farthest point from Earth, the final Orbit will become so stretched out that the farthest part will be very close to the moon's orbit.
ISRO chairman k Sivan told Times of India, " The spacecraft requires a minimum velocity of 11km/sec to go to the moon. Of that, 10.3km/sec is provided by the vehicle and 700 metres per second is being provided by the  craft's propulsion system. Being a small engine, we are burning the engine not continuously but in short bursts to manoeuvre the craft. If we had a powerful engine like Saturn V, we could have reached moon in a single shot."
He added, "We are using moon's gravitational pull to take craft to the lunar Orbit. Though we are taking 29 days to reach the lunar Orbit, this is the most cost effective way to travel to moon."
Chandrayaan 2 mission was really very cost effective. The total cost of this Mission by ISRO was only a small fraction of the cost of the Apollo 11 mission by NASA.
ISRO Invested only 138 million dollars, in the chandrayaan 2 Mission which is nothing in comparison to the huge 1.2 billion dollars invested by NASA in apollo 11 mission as in 2016 value.
But here it Is important to note, that the Apollo 11 Mission was a manned mission while the chandrayaan 2 mission is an unmanned mission.
This was the basic difference between the two missions by NASA and ISRO.

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