What are Microwaves
Actually microwaves are nothing but electromagnetic waves, and they are called as microwaves because the wavelength of microwaves is small i.e. Micro, that's why it is known as 'Microwaves'.
Now let's discuss the properties of microwaves-
Radiation Beamwidth (B) is directly proportional to (λ/D)
Here Lambda (λ) is wavelength
And D is diameter of the antenna
To get sharp radiation beams at low frequencies, it is required to have a large sized antenna having large diameter.
But due to high frequency microwaves we can get very sharp beams that are highly directional with the help of Antennas having small diameter.
Power radiated is given as (See the image given below)
Observe here-
As the frequency increases (wavelength decreases) the power radiated increases and therefore the gain increases.
Therefore with the help of microwaves, antennas with 'high directivity' (sharp radiation beam) and 'high gain' can be designed easily.
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#What are Microwaves and their Applications (Uses) in various fields
Now let's discuss the properties of microwaves-
Microwaves Video
Properties of Microwaves
1. High Bandwidths (BW) Availability in Microwaves
Microwaves have larger bandwidth (1 gigahertz to 1000 gigahertz) in comparison to the common bands like Medium Wave (MW), Short Wave (SW), and Ultra High Frequency waves (UHF). Therefore more information can be transmitted due to high bandwidth availability in microwave frequencies.2. Better Directive Properties of Microwaves
As frequency increases, the directivity increases and beamwidth (B) decreases.Radiation Beamwidth (B) is directly proportional to (λ/D)
Here Lambda (λ) is wavelength
And D is diameter of the antenna
To get sharp radiation beams at low frequencies, it is required to have a large sized antenna having large diameter.
But due to high frequency microwaves we can get very sharp beams that are highly directional with the help of Antennas having small diameter.
Power radiated is given as (See the image given below)
 |
| Power Radiated Formula |
Observe here-
As the frequency increases (wavelength decreases) the power radiated increases and therefore the gain increases.
Therefore with the help of microwaves, antennas with 'high directivity' (sharp radiation beam) and 'high gain' can be designed easily.
🌓READ THIS ALSO:-
#What are Microwaves and their Applications (Uses) in various fields
3. Power Requirements for Microwaves
As compared to short wave band, power requirements (transmitter/receiver) at microwave frequencies are quite low.4. Transparency Property of Microwaves
Microwave Frequency band that ranges from 300 megahertz to 10 gigahertz can propagate through the ionized layers that cover the earth.Because of this property of microwaves, the microwave radiations that are emitted by the sun and other stars can pass through these ionized layers of the atmosphere and can reach to earth. Therefore it is very helpful in astronomical researches.
Duplex communication and information exchange between space vehicles and ground stations is also possible due to this property.
5. Reliability and Fading Effect of Microwaves
It is observed that at low frequencies, fading effect due to variations in transmission medium is more. But this fading is less at microwave frequencies (high frequencies) due to 'line of sight' (LOS) propagation and high frequencies. This makes the microwave communication a more reliable system.Read More:
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