Showing posts with label NASA. Show all posts
Showing posts with label NASA. Show all posts

29 Jan 2020

Alcubierre Warp Drive | Alcubierre Drive | Warp Drive | Travel Faster than Light

There are various ways like teleportation, wormholes and warp drive, that can be used to travel at very high speed, even  faster than the speed of light. Here I will discuss the concept of warp drive. The idea of warp drive is highly fascinating which is based on distorting the fabric of space and time to achieve a speed many times more than that of the light.
According to scientists, it is possible to travel faster than light With the help of Alcubierre warp drive.


Alcubierre Warp Drive Video


 

The Alcubierre warp drive was proposed by Mexican theoretical physicist Miguel Alcubierre and is based on a solution of Einstein's field equations in general relativity.
But how is it possible and what are the requirements for warp drive? Since we know any object having mass, cannot travel faster than light as it will go against the laws of Physics. Since to achieve this speed infinite energy is required, which is practically not possible. Then how it is possible with warp drive to travel faster than the speed of light?
Actually in warp drive a spacecraft does not have to travel faster than light within a local reference frame. The spacecraft would traverse distances by contracting space in front of it and expanding the space behind it. This mechanism results in effective faster-than-light travel. In this way The Alcubierre warp drive shifts the space around an object.
So it's more like pulling the destination towards it while pushing its starting point back, instead of actually traveling faster than light.
This makes it possible for the object to reach to its destination faster than light would in normal space. Therefore no laws of Physics are broken.
But now the basic problem is, how to contract and expand the space time fabric that is required for the warp drive.
So let's discuss how this can be done.
According to great physicist Albert Einstein, any object having mass can create curvature in space time fabric. In other words, it can contract the space. Larger the mass, more it can contract the space. But we need extremely large amount of mass, equivalent to the mass of a black hole to contract the space so that it can be used in warp drive practically.
So we need to construct an engine, powerful enough to control a small black hole. This engine can be placed in the front part of the spacecraft so that the Space in front of the spacecraft can be contracted.
As I have discussed earlier that for warp drive we need to contract the space in front of the spacecraft and expand the space behind the spacecraft. Now we know that we can use very large mass to contract the space. But we do not know how to expand the space.
But it is not impossible. As We know, our universe is expanding at an accelerating rate. According to scientists, dark energy and dark matter are considered responsible for this expansion. So one possible method to expand the space is using dark energy or dark matter for warp drive.
There is one more technique that we can use for the expansion of space. As I just told you that a normal mass i.e. positive mass can be used to contract the space. It Means, if we could find a negative mass, then it will do just opposite to it. So a negative mass would cause expansion of the space. We can use this system in the back side of the spacecraft, that will help in expanding the space that is present behind the spacecraft and hence warp drive will become possible.
There is one interesting theory, known as dark fluid theory. The dark fluid theory combines the concept of dark matter, dark energy and negative mass. If we could find the dark fluid somehow, the warp drive would become a reality and traveling faster than light would not be impossible.
So friends, How many of you think that warp drive is possible in future?

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12 Jan 2020

Why Apollo 11 by NASA Took Only 4 Days to Reach Moon but ISRO's Chandrayaan 2 is Taking 48 Days !!!

Here you will know why Apollo 11 by NASA took only 4 days to reach Moon but ISRO's chandrayaan-2 is taking 48 days!!!
On July 20, 1969, NASA's Apollo 11 mission carrying humans, landed on the surface of moon in just 4 days 6 hours and 45 minutes. Apollo 11 was the world's first manned moon mission. Not only this, it was also the fastest trip of astronauts to the moon.
So why is Chandrayaan 2 taking 48 days to reach to the moon? The answer to this question is hidden in the design of the rocket, speed of the lunar craft and the amount of fuel, it is carrying.
Actually for the Apollo 11, NASA had used Saturn V. Saturn V was a super heavy lift launcher with a lifting capability of 43 tonnes. This powerful rocket was capable of travelling at a speed of more than 39,000 kilometres per hour.
Saturn V was powerful enough to put the modules into the trans-lunar trajectory soon after orbiting the Earth for the second time.
Because of the powerful engines used in the Saturn V launcher, it was able to cover 380 thousand kilometres in just 4 days. But to achieve all this, NASA had to invest large amounts of money into this mission. NASA had to pump in $185 million, which is equivalent to $1.2 billion in 2016 for each apollo mission between 1969 and 1971.
But India does not have a rocket powerful enough, to carry Chandrayaan 2 on a straight path to the moon. The rocket used to carry Chandrayaan 2 is GSLV-MKIII. Its lifting capability is only 4 tonnes, which is much lesser in comparison to the 43 tonne lifting capability of the Saturn V Launcher by NASA. This lifting capability was limited to put chandrayaan 2 having a weight of 3.8 tonnes, in the geosynchronous transfer Orbit.
Because of it's less powerful rocket lifting capability, ISRO chose a Circuitous route. In this way it was able to take advantage of the gravity of the earth, which will help slingshot the craft towards the moon.
At present the propulsion system of the lunarcraft is helping in raising it's orbit. Once the craft reaches its Apogee, which is the farthest point from Earth, the final Orbit will become so stretched out that the farthest part will be very close to the moon's orbit.
ISRO chairman k Sivan told Times of India, " The spacecraft requires a minimum velocity of 11km/sec to go to the moon. Of that, 10.3km/sec is provided by the vehicle and 700 metres per second is being provided by the  craft's propulsion system. Being a small engine, we are burning the engine not continuously but in short bursts to manoeuvre the craft. If we had a powerful engine like Saturn V, we could have reached moon in a single shot."
He added, "We are using moon's gravitational pull to take craft to the lunar Orbit. Though we are taking 29 days to reach the lunar Orbit, this is the most cost effective way to travel to moon".
Chandrayaan 2 mission was really very cost effective. The total cost of this Mission by ISRO was only a small fraction of the cost of the Apollo 11 mission by NASA.
ISRO Invested only 138 million dollars, in the Chandrayaan 2 Mission which is nothing in comparison to the huge 1.2 billion dollars invested by NASA in Apollo 11 mission as in 2016 value.
But here it Is important to note, that the Apollo 11 Mission was a manned mission while the Chandrayaan 2 mission is an unmanned mission.
This was the basic difference between the two missions by NASA and ISRO.

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