Block Diagram of Communication System (Basic Building Blocks of Communication System with Explanation)

Here we will learn what is Communication System and how we can convey messages from one place to another electronically.
We will see the block diagram of communication system (electronic Communication system) with the explanation of each block.

So first let's start with the basic definition of Communication System-

Definition of Communication

Communication can be defined as the process of conveying message from source to destination through a medium.

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Block Diagram of Communication System

Main building blocks of the communication system in electronics are-
*Source of information
*Input transducer
*Transmitter
*Channel
*Receiver
*Destination

All these basic building blocks of communication system are shown in the block diagram below-

Block Diagram of Communication System

Block Diagram of Communication System

Now we will understand the functioning of each block of the block diagram -

1.Source of Information

It is responsible for the generation of information that is to be transmitted. The information source maybe some message from a computer, any music or speech by a person, a video from the television or message from a fax machine etc. 

2.Input Transducer

At the input end, we need to have a device which can convert the message from the information source like a speech, music or video which is in non-electrical form, to the electrical form. 
Therefore input transducer is simply an energy converter at the input end, having the function to convert non-electrical signals into electrical signals.
Example- microphone is a transducer at the input side, that converts audio signal (non-electrical) into electrical signal.
But why we need to convert non electrical signals into electrical signals? Because it is much easier to process electrical signals in comparison to other non electrical signals. 
Therefore at the input side, first we convert these non electrical signals into electrical signals then process these electrical signals and finally convert them back into the original form (non electrical) at the receiving end.

3.Transmitter

The main function of a transmitter is to process an electrical signal obtained from the input transducer.
These Signal Processing operations performed by the transmitter are-
*Amplification of the signal
*Modulation
*Limiting the frequencies (restricting the range of frequencies)

All the processing done on the signal performed in the transmitter makes the transmission process through the channel easier.

4.Channel

A channel is the medium through which the message travels from the transmitter to the receiver.
A Channel acts as a physical medium for propagation of the message signal.
We can broadly classify the channels into two parts-

*Point to point channels
*Broadcast channels

Point to point channels- in these types of channels we have one transmitter and one receiver. So the communication is point to point. Therefore it is also known as Unicasting. 
For example - Wirelines, microwave links and optical fibres etc.

Broadcast channels
Here we have one transmitter and multiple receivers, therefore it is known as broadcasting channel.

Noise in the channel
In the communication system, the maximum effect of the noise is in the channel. Noise is an unwanted random signal that interferes with the original message signal. 

5.Receiver

Function of the receiver is to reproduce the message signal from the distorted received signal.
In the receiver, the Demodulation (detection) of the modulated signal takes place. As we have seen earlier that the process of modulation takes place in the transmitter. So this modulated signal is demodulated at the receiver.
In the demodulation process the original message signal is recovered back from the modulated signal.

6.Destination

As we discussed that the input transducer is used to convert the non electrical signal into electrical signal. The destination also works as a transducer at the receiving end. It converts the electrical signal received after processing into its original form (non electrical). 
Example - Loudspeaker
The loudspeaker works as the destination in the communication system. It acts as an energy converter (transducer at the receiving end) as it converts the electrical signal back into the audio signal (non electrical form).

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