This is the Best Orbit simulation video created by using PhET Simulator. It contains animation and simulation of different types of orbits containing two, three and four objects. Various types of orbits covered in this video are as follows-
11 Types of Orbits in Space (Simulation)
* Sun and Planet Orbit Simulation * Sun, planet and moon Orbit Simulation * Sun, planet and Comet orbit Simulation * Binary star and Planet Orbit Simulation * Trojan asteroids Orbit Simulation * Four star ballet (orbit) Simulation * Slingshot Orbit Simulation * Double slingshot Orbit Simulation * Hyperbolic orbits Simulation * Elliptical orbits Simulation * Double Double Simulation
Here I will tell you, what is this mysterious dark matter that accounts for the majority of the mass of the universe. You will also know the primary evidences that made us to believe in the presence of dark matter in our universe.
What is Dark Matter
You will be surprised to know that, The total mass and energy of the universe contains only 5% ordinary matter and energy. The remaining 95 percent of the mass and energy is composed of mysterious things. This 95% contains 27% of dark matter and 68% of dark energy. Here we will learn some interesting facts about the dark matter. The dark matter is actually a hypothetical matter that cannot be detected by its emitted radiation, but we can feel its presence because of its gravitational effects on the visible matter.
Why is Dark Matter called Dark?
Dark matter is called as dark because it is extremely difficult to detect using usual astronomical equipments. The reason behind this is; Dark matter does not appear to interact with the observable electromagnetic radiations such as light and hence it is not visible to the entire electromagnetic spectrum. As I just mentioned, that majority of the total mass of our universe, i.e. 95%, is made up of dark matter and dark energy. so we cannot neglect its presence. It is thought that, majority of dark matter is possibly being composed of some undiscovered subatomic particles.
Dark matter is present everywhere and had a strong influence on the structure and evolution of our universe. Now I will tell you some primary evidences, that helped us in believing that dark matter is present in our universe.
Proof of Dark Matter
In 1884, a mathematical physicist and engineer lord Kelvin performed some experiments. Based on this, he estimated that the mass of the Galaxy that he determined is different from the mass of visible stars. So he concluded that "many of our stars perhaps a great majority of them, maybe dark bodies." It Has been Shown by the calculations that many galaxies would fly apart instead of rotating, or would not have formed or move as they do, if they did not contain a large amount of matter that cannot be seen. Some Other evidences for the presence of dark matter in the universe are : #Gravitational Lensing #Formation and evolution of galaxies #Mass Location during galactic collisions #From observations of current structure of the universe #From the motion of galaxies within Galaxy clusters #From the cosmic microwave background So based on all these evidences, we can say that dark matter is not just a hypothetical concept. It really Exists!
What is QUASAR (Quasi Stellar Radio Source) and Why it is so Awesome?
Quasars are the brightest and most distant objects in the known universe. Quasar contains a supermassive black hole at its center having mass ranging from millions to billions of times the mass of the Sun. This supermassive Black hole is surrounded by an accretion disk. This accretion disk is a circular disc like structure which is made up of different types of gases and matter that spins around the black hole at an extremely high speed. This giant disk feeds the hungry supermassive black hole. As matter starts falling into the black hole from the accretion disk, the friction between the fast spinning matter slowly heats up that causes tremendous amount of energy emission from it. As the accretion disc rotates, the charged particles are shot upward. These charged particles form a tight column because of the twisted magnetic field lines which is known as the quasar jets, cosmic Jets or astrophysical jets. The charged particles that are present in the quasar Jets travel at nearly the speed of light and can shoot out to very long distances. This makes them visible from Earth, although they are present at a distance of billions of light years away from Earth.
Keep it in mind that, the quasar jet does not originate from the center of the black hole but is ejected from the spinning disc of gas and matter. Finally this extremely hot and fast spinning accretion disk in eaten up by the supermassive giant black hole. You will find it hard to believe that The largest quasars can eat up mass equivalent to 600 earths every single day!. If we talk in terms of mass of the Sun, it can feed a mass equal to the mass of 1000 suns every year. But When the quasar eats up the whole matter present in the accretion disk, it eventually dies, as there is nothing left for it to feed on. "Quasars" is actually a short name for Quasi Steller Radio Sources. Quasars actually belong to a family of astronomical objects known as the Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), The Quasars are the most distant and most energetic objects of all the objects in the Active Galactic Nuclei. The brightness of most powerful Quasars may be upto thousands of times Greater than a Galaxy containing hundreds of billions of stars such as the Milky Way. Quasars are not just the brightest objects in the universe, they are also the most distant objects ever found. Generally quasars are found millions or billions of light years away. The most distant quasar discovered is the ULAS J1120+0641 that is present at a distance of 29 billion light years away from us. Even the closest Quasar known as IC 2497 is 730 million light years away from earth. The first quasar discovered by the scientists was 3C 273 which was found in the year 1950. As of date nearly 200 thousand quasars have been discovered. As we know that quasars are billions of light years away from earth so they are surely the most ancient objects known to us. This helps us in understanding the mysteries of the early universe. According to scientists our galaxy Milky Way once hosted a quasar but now it's not alive. But nearly after 5 billion years from now, the milky way galaxy will collide with its neighbouring Andromeda Galaxy, at that time the Milky way may have a Quasar. Researchers have found that quasars are drifting away from us at an unbelievably high speed of 150 thousand kilometers per sec. Some quasars have been seen moving even at 93% of the speed of light. So friends this was all about the brightest thing in the universe, the Quasars!!!
In this post I will tell you many unbelievable facts about atoms, that will blow your mind. but before this, you should know what is an atom. With the help of these Fun atom facts you will know, How small an Atom is.
What is an Atom
An Atom is the smallest component of an element. Everything that we see around us, whether it is in the form of solid, liquid, gas or plasma is made up of atoms. Initially it was thought that atoms can not be further divided into smaller particles but later it was found that it is made up of three Types of subatomic particles- electrons, protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom and electrons fly around the nucleus in the form of a small cloud. Now it's time to know some fascinating facts about atoms. So let's start
Atoms Fact 1
As you know that our body is made up of atoms. But do you know how many atoms are there in our body? There are about 7 billion billion billion atoms in the human body.
This number is a billion billion times the total human population on earth. But even more surprising fact is that 98% of these atoms in our body are replaced every year, without us even realizing.
Atoms Fact 2
The structure of an atom is quite similar to the solar system. As planets revolve around the sun, in the same way at the atomic level, electrons revolve around the nucleus. You will find it hard to believe that 99.999% part of an atom is empty space. It is so, because the nucleus and electrons are extremely small in comparison to the total size of an atom. So if we remove all the empty space of atoms, we could fit the entire human population into an Apple.
Atoms Fact 3
The nucleus of an atom is extremely dense. Nearly all the mass of an atom is contained by the nucleus. Contribution of electrons to the mass of an atom is very little. The mass of a proton and neutron that are present in the nucleus of the atom is nearly equal but a proton has a mass 1836 times the mass of an electron.
Atoms Fact 4
Even electrons, protons and neutrons are not the fundamental particles. An electron is a lepton while protons and neutrons consist of three quarks each.
Atoms Fact 5
An atom is extremely small. The size of an average atom is about one tenth of a billionth of a meter. The largest atom cesium is nearly nine times bigger than the smallest atom helium.
Atoms Fact 6
Hydrogen atom is the most abundant type of atom present in the universe. Nearly 74% of the total atoms present in the Milky Way galaxy are hydrogen atoms.
Atoms Fact 7
Protons and neutrons present in the nucleus are held together by strong and weak nuclear forces. The force that binds the electrons around the nucleus is the electrical attraction, as protons are positively charged particles while electrons are negatively charged. But here, you may ask, as all the protons have same positive charge, how protons are held together, why don't they repel each other?
So the answer is, the attracting nuclear force is much stronger in comparison to the electrical repulsion. You will Find it interesting that the strong force that binds protons and neutrons together is 1038 times more powerful than the force of Gravity. But the particles need to be very close to each other to feel the effect of the nuclear force.
Atoms Fact 8
An atom is electrically neutral as the number of negatively charged electrons is equal to the number of positively charged protons and neurons have no charge.
Atoms Fact 9
Now the fact that I am going to tell you will blow your mind. Do you know that scientists have calculated the total number of atoms present in the observable universe!!! yes... The total number of atoms in the observable universe is in the range of 10^78 to 10^82. I know you can not even imagine, how big this number is. Just try to write this number by placing 82 zeros after 1, you will know, what I mean.
Atoms Fact 10
With the help of this fact you will understand how small an atom is. The total number of atoms in a droplet of water is 5×10^21. It is more than 5 sextillion atoms per droplet. So friends these were some amazing facts about an atom.
